實(shí)施近紅外偽裝多是對(duì)目標(biāo)的紅外輻射特性進(jìn)行改進(jìn)使其難以被發(fā)現(xiàn)。由于紅外線沒有顏色之分，目標(biāo)被偵查到多是因?yàn)槠淞炼扰c背景不同。在近紅外波段，由于紅外偵查主要根據(jù)反射光譜，所以要使目標(biāo)的近紅外反射光譜與背景相似。

Implementing near-infrared camouflage often involves improving the infrared radiation characteristics of targets to make them difficult to detect. Due to the lack of color differentiation in infrared, targets are detected more often because their brightness is different from the background. In the near-infrared band, as infrared reconnaissance mainly relies on the reflection spectrum, it is necessary to make the near-infrared reflection spectrum of the target similar to the background.

對(duì)于單兵偽裝服而言，實(shí)現(xiàn)近紅外偽裝一般采用低發(fā)射率的近紅外偽裝涂料或染料。早在20世紀(jì)70年代國外就開始研究近紅外涂料。美國早研究出一種四色迷彩涂料，可以同時(shí)防可見光、近紅外光和紫外光，以黃褐色、褐色為主，暗綠色和黑色為輔。在國內(nèi)，王順奎等發(fā)明了一種新型多譜段偽裝涂料，能同時(shí)防可見光、近紅外和熱紅外探測(cè)，性能優(yōu)異。郭利等以聚氨酯為基體，研制了一種與植物反射光譜相似的近紅外偽裝涂層，有效提高了近紅外偽裝性能。

For individual camouflage suits, low emissivity near-infrared camouflage coatings or dyes are generally used to achieve near-infrared camouflage. As early as the 1970s, research on near-infrared coatings began abroad. The United States has developed a four color camouflage coating that can simultaneously prevent visible light, near-infrared light, and ultraviolet light, with yellow brown and brown as the main colors, and dark green and black as auxiliary colors. In China, Wang Shunkui and others have invented a new type of multi band camouflage coating that can simultaneously prevent visible light, near-infrared, and thermal infrared detection, with excellent performance. Guo Li et al. developed a near-infrared camouflage coating using polyurethane as the substrate, which is similar to the plant reflection spectrum, effectively improving the near-infrared camouflage performance.

紅外涂層的方法工藝簡單、效率高，但是涂層會(huì)導(dǎo)致偽裝服的透氣性下降、服用性能差、耐水洗性差等問題，所以紅外偽裝染料又成為了研究新方向。原CIBA（汽巴）和BASF（巴斯夫）公司研制出適用于纖維素纖維織物的還原染料（CI還原黑27、CI還原棕1等），這些染料發(fā)射率低，具有良好的近紅外偽裝效果，在可見光波段也有很好的防護(hù)效果。徐園園研究了還原染料對(duì)織物近紅外偽裝性能的影響，發(fā)現(xiàn)灰黑染料能有效調(diào)節(jié)織物在可見光波段的反射率，炭黑則能調(diào)節(jié)近紅外波段的反射率。

The method of infrared coating is simple and efficient, but the coating can lead to decreased breathability, poor wearing performance, and poor water washing resistance of camouflage clothing. Therefore, infrared camouflage dyes have become a new research direction. CIBA (Ciba) and BASF (BASF) have developed reducing dyes (CI reduced black 27, CI reduced brown 1, etc.) suitable for cellulose fiber fabrics. These dyes have low emissivity, good near-infrared camouflage effect, and good protective effect in the visible light band. Xu Yuanyuan studied the effect of reducing dyes on the near-infrared camouflage performance of fabrics and found that gray black dyes can effectively adjust the reflectivity of fabrics in the visible light band, while carbon black can adjust the reflectivity in the near-infrared band.

在熱紅外波段，紅外偵視主要依據(jù)目標(biāo)發(fā)射的紅外特征信號(hào)。常用的是利用低發(fā)射率涂料對(duì)織物進(jìn)行涂層整理，通常采用的是金屬顏料，尤其是片狀金屬顏料如鋁粉、銅粉等。金屬顏料在紅外波段對(duì)紅外輻射有較強(qiáng)的反射和發(fā)射能力，所以金屬顏料的熱紅外偽裝效果很好。徐共榮等以林地和荒漠為背景，采用片狀銅粉開發(fā)了一種具有低發(fā)射率的熱紅外隱身涂料，具有良好的熱紅外偽裝性能和可見光偽裝效果。何亮等用片狀鋁粉制備了一種熱紅外偽裝涂料，能滿足熱紅外偽裝要求。但是，金屬顏料也存在一定缺陷，因金屬顏料的著色力強(qiáng)，且對(duì)雷達(dá)、可見光的反射能力強(qiáng)，因此不利于偽裝服的綜合偽裝性能。

In the thermal infrared band, infrared detection is mainly based on the infrared characteristic signals emitted by the target. The commonly used method is to use low emissivity coatings for coating and finishing of fabrics, usually using metal pigments, especially sheet metal pigments such as aluminum powder, copper powder, etc. Metal pigments have a strong ability to reflect and emit infrared radiation in the infrared band, so their thermal infrared camouflage effect is very good. Xu Gongrong et al. developed a low emissivity thermal infrared stealth coating using sheet copper powder against the backdrop of forests and deserts, which has good thermal infrared camouflage performance and visible light camouflage effect. He Liang et al. prepared a thermal infrared camouflage coating using flake aluminum powder, which can meet the requirements of thermal infrared camouflage. However, metal pigments also have certain drawbacks, as they have strong coloring power and strong reflection ability towards radar and visible light, which is not conducive to the comprehensive camouflage performance of camouflage suits.

此外，半導(dǎo)體材料的偽裝性能良好，但是成本高，制備工藝復(fù)雜，目前還不能滿足批量化生產(chǎn)的需求；另有研究表明，用磁控濺射的方法制備薄膜材料具有很大的應(yīng)用優(yōu)勢(shì)，薄膜發(fā)射率低，厚度薄且質(zhì)量輕，方便士兵穿著，但同樣存在成本高等問題。

In addition, the camouflage performance of semiconductor materials is good, but the cost is high and the preparation process is complex, which currently cannot meet the needs of mass production; Other studies have shown that using magnetron sputtering to prepare thin film materials has great application advantages, such as low emissivity, thin thickness, and light weight, which are convenient for soldiers to wear, but also have high costs.

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