俄烏實戰(zhàn)經(jīng)驗表明，有效偽裝是提高戰(zhàn)場生存能力的必備技能。戰(zhàn)場上皆是你死我活，稍有不慎即會喪命，切不可怕麻煩。

　　The practical experience of Russia and Ukraine shows that effective camouflage is an essential skill for improving battlefield survival ability. On the battlefield, it's all about life and death, and even a slight mistake can lead to death. Don't be afraid of trouble.

　　01人員偽裝需要注意的問題戰(zhàn)場上人員的主要暴露特征包括：人體特有的輪廓；著裝的材質(zhì)、顏色，頭盔的圓潤形狀；武器和裝備的存在；熱輻射、無線電波反射； 特定的活動（行動痕跡和當(dāng)?shù)胤烙な隆⑸鋼魰r的聲音與火光、嘈雜聲、爐灶煙霧、手電筒光線、打火機火焰、香煙火光）。

　　The main exposed characteristics of personnel on the battlefield include: unique contours of the human body; The material and color of the attire, as well as the rounded shape of the helmet; The existence of weapons and equipment; Thermal radiation and radio wave reflection; Specific activities (action traces and local defense works, sound and fire during shooting, noise, stove smoke, flashlight light, lighter flames, cigarette flames).

　　實戰(zhàn)表明，肉眼可在 1.5 - 2 公里的距離上發(fā)現(xiàn)人員，使用雙筒望遠(yuǎn)鏡和其他光學(xué)儀器可在 8 - 10 公里的距離上發(fā)現(xiàn)人員，熱成像偵察設(shè)備則能在最遠(yuǎn) 0.5 公里的距離上發(fā)現(xiàn)人員。地面雷達(dá)偵察設(shè)備能夠在最遠(yuǎn) 4 公里的距離上發(fā)現(xiàn)以 4 - 5 公里 / 小時速度移動的人員（與天氣條件和時間無關(guān)）。

　　Practical experience has shown that the naked eye can detect personnel at a distance of 1.5-2 kilometers, using binoculars and other optical instruments can detect personnel at a distance of 8-10 kilometers, and thermal imaging reconnaissance equipment can detect personnel at a maximum distance of 0.5 kilometers. Ground radar reconnaissance equipment can detect personnel moving at a speed of 4-5 kilometers per hour at a maximum distance of 4 kilometers (regardless of weather conditions and time).

　　根據(jù)聲音和光線暴露特征，人員可被敵方發(fā)現(xiàn)的距離如下：輕武器射擊聲，可達(dá) 2000 米；部隊徒步行進(jìn)聲，可達(dá) 700 米；挖掘作業(yè)聲（鏟子、鎬頭的敲擊聲，可達(dá) 1000 米；單個士兵的腳步聲，可達(dá) 30 米； 腳下樹枝的斷裂聲，可達(dá) 70 米；匍匐前進(jìn)時的沙沙聲，可達(dá) 15 米；槳劃水的聲音，可達(dá) 500 米；輕武器射擊的火光，可達(dá) 2000 米；物資的燈光，可達(dá) 8000 米；手電筒的光線，可達(dá) 1500 米；點燃的打火機火焰，可達(dá) 1500 米； 香煙火光，可達(dá) 500 米

　　According to the characteristics of sound and light exposure, the distance at which personnel can be detected by the enemy is as follows: the sound of light weapon firing can reach up to 2000 meters; The sound of troops marching on foot can reach up to 700 meters; The sound of excavation work (the sound of shovels and pickaxes hitting, up to 1000 meters; the sound of a single soldier's footsteps, up to 30 meters; the sound of tree branches breaking under their feet, up to 70 meters; the rustling sound of crawling forward, up to 15 meters; the sound of paddling water, up to 500 meters; the light of light weapons shooting, up to 2000 meters; the light of materials, up to 8000 meters; the light of flashlights, up to 1500 meters; the flame of a lit lighter, up to 1500 meters; the flame of a cigarette, up to 500 meters)

　　人員偽裝可通過利用地形特點、有限能見度條件、使用割下的植被、制式偽裝器材，以及遵守偽裝紀(jì)律要求來實現(xiàn)。

　　Personnel camouflage can be achieved by utilizing terrain characteristics, limited visibility conditions, using cut vegetation, using standardized camouflage equipment, and complying with camouflage discipline requirements.

　　利用地形的外觀特征（因地制宜）是指將人員部署在士兵的輪廓、著裝顏色與觀察背景（樹干、巖石、圍欄等）最大限度地融為一體的位置上。利用地形的偽裝特性關(guān)鍵在于將人員部署和行動安排在自然偽裝的掩護(hù)之下。將人員部署在自然偽裝處（樹冠下、茂密灌木叢中、建筑物內(nèi)），能使其躲避敵人空中和地面的光學(xué)、雷達(dá)及熱成像偵察設(shè)備的偵察。將人員部署在樹林和灌木叢群、地形起伏處以及當(dāng)?shù)氐匚铮ㄍ炼选⒔ㄖ?、圍欄等）后方，可使其躲避敵人的地面?zhèn)刹臁＝箤⑷藛T部署在地形平坦、開闊且背景單一、無明顯對比色塊的區(qū)域。

　　Utilizing the appearance features of the terrain (tailored to local conditions) refers to deploying personnel in positions where the contours, clothing colors, and observation backgrounds (tree trunks, rocks, fences, etc.) of soldiers are maximally integrated. The key to utilizing the camouflage characteristics of terrain is to deploy personnel and arrange actions under the cover of natural camouflage. Deploying personnel in natural camouflage areas (under tree canopies, in dense shrubs, inside buildings) can enable them to evade enemy aerial and ground-based optical, radar, and thermal imaging reconnaissance equipment. Deploying personnel behind forests, shrubs, undulating terrain, and local features such as mounds, buildings, fences, etc. can help them evade enemy ground reconnaissance. It is prohibited to deploy personnel in areas with flat, open terrain, single background, and no obvious contrasting color blocks.

　　為在野外偽裝人員，其服裝樣式應(yīng)采用迷彩布料。為隱蔽士兵輪廓，可在服裝、頭盔和裝備上附加割下的植被?？墒褂冕樔~樹、闊葉樹和灌木叢的樹枝，以及草叢。需要注意，在干燥炎熱的天氣里，植被會迅速枯萎，失去偽裝特性，2 - 3 小時后就需更換為新鮮植被。

　　To camouflage personnel in the wild, their clothing style should use camouflage fabric. To conceal the silhouette of soldiers, vegetation can be added to clothing, helmets, and equipment. Branches of coniferous trees, broad-leaved trees, shrubs, and grass can be used. It should be noted that in dry and hot weather, vegetation will quickly wither, lose its camouflage properties, and need to be replaced with fresh vegetation after 2-3 hours.

　　為偽裝頭盔，除了使用植被，還可采用變形迷彩涂裝、迷彩布制的頭盔套，以及制式偽裝覆蓋物碎片。變形迷彩涂裝的色塊顏色和偽裝覆蓋物的類型應(yīng)根據(jù)部隊部署和行動區(qū)域的背景來選擇（見圖）。使用頭盔套對防護(hù)頭盔進(jìn)行偽裝進(jìn)行變形迷彩涂裝時，在具有保護(hù)色的頭盔上，應(yīng)噴涂一到兩種當(dāng)?shù)刂饕伾膶Ρ壬珘K。色塊的最小線性尺寸應(yīng)為 5 厘米。為使用制式偽裝覆蓋物偽裝頭盔，需裁剪尺寸為 45×45 厘米的碎片，將其放置在頭盔上，并用末端（系緊或縫上）固定在頭盔襯里上。

　　To camouflage helmets, in addition to using vegetation, deformed camouflage coating, camouflage cloth helmet covers, and standard camouflage cover fragments can also be used. The color of the color blocks and the type of camouflage cover for the camouflage coating should be selected based on the background of the troop deployment and operational area (see figure). When using helmet covers to camouflage protective helmets for deformation camouflage coating, one to two contrasting color blocks of the main local colors should be sprayed on helmets with protective colors. The minimum linear size of the color block should be 5 centimeters. To use a standard camouflage cover to disguise a helmet, it is necessary to cut fragments with a size of 45 × 45 centimeters, place them on the helmet, and fix the ends (fastened or sewn) to the helmet lining.

　　人員的制式偽裝器材包括偽裝服：迷彩連體服，用于夏季植被背景（正面）和裸露地面背景（反面）；白色偽裝服，用于雪地背景。使用偽裝服可將人員被發(fā)現(xiàn)的距離縮短 2 - 3 倍（見圖）。當(dāng)偽裝服，尤其是冬季偽裝服弄臟時，其偽裝性能會下降。因此，偽裝服應(yīng)始終存放在干凈的地方，并在執(zhí)行戰(zhàn)斗任務(wù)前立即穿上。帶有頭盔用于隱藏頭部的迷彩連體服配有風(fēng)帽、面部面具和固定植被的帶子。偽裝服款式為帶風(fēng)帽的上衣和褲子。

　　The standard camouflage equipment for personnel includes camouflage suits: camouflage jumpsuits, used for summer vegetation backgrounds (front) and exposed ground backgrounds (back); White camouflage suit, used for snow background. Using camouflage clothing can shorten the distance at which personnel are detected by 2-3 times (see figure). When camouflage clothing, especially winter camouflage clothing, gets dirty, its camouflage performance will decrease. Therefore, camouflage clothing should always be stored in a clean place and worn immediately before carrying out combat missions. A camouflage jumpsuit with a helmet for hiding the head, equipped with a hood, facial mask, and straps for securing vegetation. The camouflage clothing style is a top and pants with a hood.

　　在所有情況下，人員都應(yīng)根據(jù)地形靈活移動。在沒有被敵人發(fā)現(xiàn)風(fēng)險的情況下（如在樹林、灌木叢、路堤中），可以直立行走（跑步）或彎腰行進(jìn)。

　　In all cases, personnel should move flexibly according to the terrain. In situations where there is no risk of being detected by enemies (such as in forests, bushes, or embankments), one can walk upright (running) or bend down to move.

　　快速奔跑是為了迅速通過處于敵人視線范圍內(nèi)的開闊地帶。匍匐前進(jìn)用于隱蔽接近預(yù)定目標(biāo)，以及通過被敵人監(jiān)視的地段。

　　Fast running is to quickly pass through open areas within the enemy's line of sight. Crawling forward is used to conceal and approach predetermined targets, as well as to pass through areas under enemy surveillance.

　　在樹林中行進(jìn)時，應(yīng)靠近道路（兩側(cè)）。通過草地和林間空地時要快速奔跑。在林中空地行動時要格外小心。

　　When walking in the forest, one should approach the road (on both sides). Run quickly when passing through grasslands and forest clearings. Be extra careful when operating in open spaces in the forest.

　　在草叢、高稈作物地或成熟的麥田中行進(jìn)時，為避免暴露，應(yīng)小心地?fù)荛_植被并輕輕放下，動作不要過猛。進(jìn)入居民點時，應(yīng)從果園、菜園一側(cè)進(jìn)入?？拷ㄖ飼r，要從沒有窗戶的墻壁一側(cè)靠近，沿著街道陰暗的一側(cè)行走，緊貼圍欄并利用植被掩護(hù)。

　　When walking in grass, tall crop fields, or mature wheat fields, to avoid exposure, the vegetation should be carefully cleared and gently lowered without excessive force. When entering residential areas, one should enter from the side of the orchard or vegetable garden. When approaching a building, approach from the side of the wall without windows, walk along the dark side of the street, closely follow the fence, and use vegetation cover.

　　休息時，應(yīng)選擇自然隱蔽處；若沒有自然隱蔽處，則選擇在地形地物（灌木叢、石頭、路堤等）的背陰面，且不要有劇烈動作。

　　When resting, one should choose a natural hiding place; If there is no natural hiding place, choose the shaded side of the terrain and features (shrubs, stones, embankments, etc.), and do not make violent movements.

　　夜間，人員應(yīng)部署在高地斜坡、路堤邊坡、靠近當(dāng)?shù)氐匚锏奈恢茫_保人員輪廓不會在天空背景下凸顯出來。未采取偽裝措施時，禁止使用手電筒、打火機、吸煙。光源必須用不透明材料（如雨披等）從各個方向妥善遮蔽。

　　At night, personnel should be deployed on high slopes, embankment slopes, and near local features to ensure that their contours are not highlighted against the sky background. Do not use flashlights, lighters, or smoke without taking camouflage measures. The light source must be properly shielded from all directions using opaque materials such as raincoats.

　　物資應(yīng)分散存放在茂密的樹冠下、屋檐下、溝渠中等，確保其免受空中和地面的監(jiān)視。

　　Materials should be scattered and stored under dense tree canopies, eaves, ditches, etc., to ensure that they are not monitored by air and ground.

　　為防止人員被敵人的熱成像偵察設(shè)備發(fā)現(xiàn)，可使用制式偽裝器材和當(dāng)?shù)夭牧险趽跄槻亢褪植俊?/p>

　　To prevent personnel from being detected by enemy thermal imaging reconnaissance equipment, standard camouflage equipment and local materials can be used to cover the face and hands.

　　為躲避地面雷達(dá)偵察，所有人員的行動（尤其是向敵人方向的行動）都應(yīng)選擇有自然掩護(hù)的路線，利用地形褶皺行進(jìn)。

　　To avoid ground radar reconnaissance, all personnel's movements (especially towards the enemy) should choose routes with natural cover and utilize terrain folds to advance.

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